Pledging Commercial Documents, Bills Of Lading, In Iranian Law And International Legal Instrument: Examination And Analysis

Abstract

Given the type and precedent of Iranian civil law and the Shiite religion, pledging intangible assets have been historically not permitted, an issue which remains unresolved in Iranian law. Pledge agreements of such assets, given the history of using the aforementioned notion, are certain to shape a new outlook on the mortgage contracts in commercial transactions. The purpose of this study is to examine the procedures for pledging bills of lading according to Iranian laws and customs and international documents, and to provide practical solutions by which Iranian businessmen can resume their practice without being challenged by legal or juridical obstacles.