EFFLATOUNIA - Multidisciplinary Journal

The Road towards Establishment of Permanent International Criminal Court

Amandeep Kaur Bhullar, Sunita Rani — 2021-12-23

It is generally agreed that International law is based on the consent of states. In other words, states, and the Intergovernmental organizations are the main units of International law, which thus governs the communication between the states as legitimate actors. However, in rare instances, a natural person may become a subject of International Law. In other words, International Law directs rules that apply to real persons as well. International Criminal Law is a body of law that generates rules that govern certain acts committed by real persons. With the exception of these rules, a real person’s acts are generally governed by national laws.

Initial attempts to create a permanent International Criminal Court (ICC) in the 1990s were made by the International Law Commission (ILC). But, the ILC’s concrete efforts and consecutive proposals were weakened by the UN General Assembly, which rather than calling for a multilateral diplomatic conference, decided to establish an ad hoc committee that would be charged with studying the issue further. This was especially shocking and disappointing for a select group of NGOs that had been following the deliberations concerning creating an ICC. This Research paper discusses the road towards establishment of International Criminal Court.

Federal Revolution and the Problems of National Integration in India

Amandeep Kaur, Arpana Bansal — 2021-12-23

The Indian Constitution established a unitary political system making the centre responsible for defence and foreign policy, and giving the states presumptiveauthority over law and order, education, and social policies. In practice, the balance of power has always titled toward the centre, which is able to reorganize, create, or eliminate the states as it wishes, and can impose "President's Rule" upon states with some ease. Within this constitutional framework, however, the federalizing process is well under way and constitutes a major change in the Indian political order. Some of the largest and most unwieldy states are "losing" territory, as three new states were created in 2000 out of parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. This movement of power to the states, and perhaps the creation of many new and smaller states have implications for India's role in the region and its relations with other countries.

The Role of Constitutionalism and the Basic Structure in the Exercise of Political Power

Arpana Bansal, Dilraj Kaur — 2021-12-23

A legal document of a country is an important legal norm in considering administration and future prospects of its citizens. The framers of the constitution of India tried hard to prepare a document which can fulfill various aspirations and demands of the society. It is a difficult job to anticipate future necessity of a country.In this respect, constitutionalism and basic structure plays a vital role to support the future demands.The constitution of India is an elaborative document in relation to various rights and duties .The dynamic aspect of the constitution of India is that the Constitution provided the responsibilities to the Supreme Court of India to interpret the provisions of the constitution where there is crisis in between ethos of the constitution and intention of the legislature. There are plethora of examples regarding responsible nature of judiciary in accessing dynamic political right to its citizens.Presently the citizen of India has got the right to use the option “NOTA” i.e., a voter has the right to caste his valuable vote if he or she finds no suitable candidates for his choice.

Characterization of Crystalline and Amorphous Content in Pharmaceutical Solids by Dielectric Thermal Analysis

Pawanjit Kaur — 2021-12-23

Superconducting appraisal (DEA), DSC, and fundamental economic documentation technologies categorized the genomy and thermal transfer adjustments of drugs plus its thin film semi-crystalline portion. They provide thermal strategies. Such methods were widely applied to construct an active drug interface (API) configuration in the US ordinary gene expression database.

Different properties of synthesizing and re cryptography of a certain product, DSC engages liquid crystals metals. DSC technology consists of a number of warm and cold cycles to estimate the heat dissipation potential for re-critical analyses for the willingness of crystallographic components alloys. The API is heated over the transition temperature then melting

through water bath until 20120 C (153 g) to improve the imperceptible portion.In addition, the DSC heats and refrigerates a samples at 10 C min-1. The DEA test results solid and evanescent water nucleation APIs for historical and socio-ionic conductivity. DEA reinforces the electronic performance, and divides between low capacity and high centralized conductivity (106 ps cm-1) of pure crystalline commodities. Is associated with it. The DSC describes the known that varies for technical conversion from synthesis back to solidification. However, the DEA study on the proper electrical charge syntax laboratory experiments involves disease development and clear liquid-state modules of 0.10–1.00 Hz and a thermal diffusivity above 0.5 C. "Therefore, the map of the decanter enables the ion-ion structural stress and the solar radiation (K-1) of the pre-molten DAA transformation to the dynamic melted state energy to be reported from the frequency-dependent activation energy (Ea, J mol-1).

The DSC Crystal Structural cooling, the recristallisation and the DEA solid stage absorption practices are estimated the same as the lower overall range of crystal shape EA with a data set of 2 to 2 percents.

Hypervisor Based Security

Pawanjit Kaur, Narinder Kumar — 2021-12-23

Physical sensor-based hypervisor will be able to trap and detect hence forth undetected attacks / malware. Easily extended to multiple use cases, apart from the kernel and application protection that is applicable to endpoint devices, mobile devices and data center entities. Hypervisor has a technology which has an upper hand over the old antivirus techniques which used sandbox method for prevention against Malware attack. It is designed to fill the gap in cyber defense against APTs there by solving the long-standing national level security gaps across endpoints, mobile phones, data centers and embedded systems. Key protections offered by Hypervisor will include prevention against malicious kernel code injection and approval of code execution in kernel mode only

To Study About the Synthesis and Characterization of ZNS Thin Films

Pawanjit Kaur — 2021-12-23

Thin films are two-dimensional products, as there is no length and breadth. There are limits, but its thickness is small. Films with thicknesses ranging from fractions of nanometers to many micrometres are commonly said to be thin films. Thin films of a material have different properties than the bulk shape of a material, and are used in various applications, such as decorations, coatings for corrosion resistance, photovoltaics and batteries. There are substantially different properties of material deposited in thin film form based on its bulk shape. It is therefore important to research the various physico-chemical properties of the deposited material in order to use a material in thin film form for a particular application. The main parameters that determine whether or not the deposited material is appropriate for a specific application are the crystal structure, microstructure, element composition, along with its optical response, such as absorption and transmittance for a given wavelength range, etc. Therefore in order to ensure the consistency of a thin film material, its structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties must be analyzed. Using various techniques of characterization, these properties of deposited thin films can be studied. The following sections deal with various characterization techniques used for ZnS thin film analysis.

Study on the Optical Characteristics and Stability of Tiny Hollow Gold Nanoparticles Were Investigated

Pawanjit Kaur, Narinder Kumar — 2021-12-23

Through a galvanic replacement reaction between Ag nano-templates and gold salt, small hollow Au nanoparticles (d ≈16 nm) with outstanding thermal stability and high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, which offer tremendous promise for use in photo-thermal cancer therapy, were created. The amount of gold salt used to tune the position of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands for these nanoparticles. The hydrophobic hollow nanostructures were enclosed with poly (maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) – PMAO to make them water-dispersible. In an aqueous solution of NaCl with a concentration of up to 280 mM, the nanostructures were stable. After three rings of irradiation at 20 minutes per circle, the hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) were heated using an 808 nm laser at various power densities. The results showed that they are extremely photo-thermal stable under a high power density laser up to 1.6 W cm2 (20 min continuous irradiation for each circle). The easy synthesis of tiny HGNPs with a plasmon peak in the near infrared region, colloidal and photo thermalstability and high capacity for photon energy conversion into heat make them a promising material for photo thermal and imaging applications.

Temperature Profile Study of Solar Hot Box Coupled with Auxiliary Solar PV Powered Thermoelectric Module

Pawanjit Kaur — 2021-12-23

Hot box type solar cookers can be a promising option for meeting the challenges of clean cooking fuel to communities in developing countries. One of the major components of hot box solar cookers is absorber tray, which is responsible for converting solar radiation into useful thermal energy for heating load. One of the shortcomings of solar hot box is that cooking is slow and the performance decreases even under intermittent cloud cover. For improving the efficiency of hot box solar cooker it is important to provide auxiliary heating. The present work focuses on enhancing the thermal performance of solar hot box by use of auxiliary solar PV powered thermoelectric module. A box type solar cooker of size 70cm×70cm×25cm was taken for the study and thermoelectric module was connected at the back side of absorber base plate. The thermoelectric modules were provided power through solar PV panels. Experiments were performed with one and two Peltier modules with PV panel power supply. It has been observed that with auxiliary heating and solar cooker placed in sun, the temperature rise was faster by around 1-2 hrs. Thus this combination of solar hot box with thermoelectric modules may be useful in reducing cooking time and improving efficiency of the system.

Evolution of Rabindranath Tagore’s Mind: A Glimpse

Animesh Sikder, Dr. Varsha Saraswat — 2021-12-23

Tagore has given the world's stream of consciousness a new and powerful type of poetry. Poetry, an outpouring that the world hadn't seen in a long time and that, while carrying a national imprint, yet had universal features. Rabindranath Tagore was a literary artist, an educator, a composer, a singer, an actor, and a profound thinker who enhanced our country's reputation in the eyes of the world, in addition to being a multifaceted genius. He hasn't left us with a philosophical system, but he has left us with the most priceless gem of his thoughts, which illuminate our minds and hearts. His work is the realisation of a dream. This paper highlights about the evolution of Tagore’s mind.

Review on Open Education Resources with Special Reference to Indian Education System Evolution of Rabindranath Tagore’s Mind: A Glimpse

Arunava Bose, Divya Vijayvargiya — 2021-12-23

Open educational resources are defined as the open provision of educational resources, enabled by information and communication technologies, for consultation, use, and adaptation by a community of users for non-commercial purposes. Open educational resources (OER) are currently most frequently defined as digitized materials that are freely and publicly provided for teachers, students, and self-learners to access and reuse for teaching, learning, and research. In this article, review on open education resources with special reference to Indian education system has been highlighted.

Evaluation of Urbanization and Related Problems in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal

Pradip Chakraborty, Suruchi Pachori — 2021-12-23

India's overall urban population is enormous, despite its low level of urbanisation. This population has grown at a breakneck pace over the previous three decades and continues to do so. India will statistically become an urbanized country in the near future. The significance of the research work was no geographical work found related to urbanization and related problems in Purba Medinipur of West Bengal to till date. Purba Medinipur district in West Bengal, India were taken for this study to evaluate the urbanization and related problems through specific parameters. In Purba Medinipur district; out of 375 samples, total 250 samples were taken for this study. To collect data, people were interviewed in person, and a questionnaire was made to get information from respondents. After data analysis, result and discussion were drawn and conclusion was chronicled.

Review on Dropout Elimentary School Students

Janardan Mandal, Deep Narayan Singh — 2021-12-23

The problem of dropout is concerned at the school is a significant factor. Many elements associated with school may compel a child to leave the school like lack of facilities, teachers’ absenteeism, behaviour of teacher, single teacher school, accessibility of the school etc. As small children need attention, in a single teacher school how can a teacher give attention to all children. Absence of female teachers and lack of separate toilets for girls are some of the other problems. In this article, review on dropout elimentary school students has been discussed.

A Collage of Contemporary India: A Study of Gita Mehta's Selected Works

Sanghita Jash, Priti Banerjee — 2021-12-23

Boredom, nostalgia, historical and political events in India, and the perennial theme of East-West encounter are only a few of the topics explored effortlessly by Gita Mehta. Each work focuses on India, a real India, and the author takes care to avoid letting any of the other topics take centre stage because doing so would divert readers' attention from contemporary India. Gita Mehta is not an exception to the stereotype that migrant writers create "imaginary homelands, Indias of the mind," and that their portrayals of India and Indianness are hybrid and aimed at western readers. She makes profound literary and cultural references to Indian tradition, religion, mysticism, and the people's aspiration of a new born nation by synthesizing the various perspective of contemporary socio-political issues. Her works reflect the twin facets of contemporary India, namely tradition and modernity, happily co-exist and work together to make a developing country into a developed one in every aspect. Four major works by Mehta have been selected to make this paper's endeavour successful in showing the important changes of India since Independence to modern times. The author tries to delve deep into modern India's search for spiritual values and its dilution or deterioration in the present Indian scenario.

Review on Student Teachers’ Perception of Teachers’ Education Programme

Barnali Banerjee, Divya Vijayvargiya — 2021-12-23

The process of being aware of or comprehending sensory data is known as perception. Its root is the Latin word perception, which means action of receiving, gathering, and taking. Perception is how we sense the environment around us and includes both the awareness of environmental cues and how we react to those cues. Through the perception process, we learn about features and components of the environment that are essential to our existence through the perception process. In this article, review on student teachers perception of teachers’ education programme has been discussed.

Critical Study of Child Labor: with Special Reference to Bangalore City

Nandini Jaganath, Sathi Roy Mondal — 2021-12-23

India and other countries with a lower quality of life are aware of the problem of child labour and are taking steps to address it. We aren't ready to move forward unless we can agree on the most fundamental aspects of ending child labour. Parents' knowledge and attitudes concerning the dangers of child labour were studied using a descriptive design method. A total of fifty moms and fathers were selected using the purposive sampling method. To acquire the information, researchers used a questionnaire to gauge participants' understanding of child labour and the dangers it poses. It was the researcher who came up with both of them. Use of the split-half method was used to test the tool's reliability. We were able to trust the knowledge questionnaire (r = 0.81; p 0.05). In this poll, the majority of parents had knowledge levels that fell between average (52 percent) and poor (48 percent). 68,000 parents said they were doubtful, while just 32,000 agreed with the premise that child labour has negative implications. Correlation coefficient (0.37) demonstrated that parents' knowledge and attitudes were linked to selected demographic characteristics. Fortunately, there was a positive association between these two variables. A person's age, earnings, and educational attainment were all taken into account. It appears that parents are only minimally aware of the risks of child labour and are unwilling to support it based on the findings of this study For their children's future success as adults, parents who have a better understanding of this critical social issue will have a leg up. Because of this, parents became more aware of the dangers of child labour as a result of the researcher's health education leaflet distribution.

Significance and Utility of Ethnobotanical Practice in Rural and Tribal Peoples

Kaisreen Matin Saiyed, Syed Shahab Ahmed — 2021-12-23

Ethnobotany was created in order to comprehend the connections between local flora and indigenous communities in remote, usually uninhabited areas. The consumption, management and valuation of plants are central aspects of the traditional knowledge in many rural and tribal populations. Among the potential uses of plants, those related to medicine and foods have central importance because they are essential to rural and tribal peoples. So, in this article significance and utility of ethnobotanical practice in rural and tribal peoples has been discussed.

Critical Study of Medium Access Control Protocol (MAC) in Manets

Jitendra Sheethlani, Abhay Raj Sahu — 2021-12-23

The Medium Access Control Protocol (MAC) offers network nodes an addressing and channel access mechanism for wireless communication. To prevent transmission collision in Manet, a reliable and capable MAC protocol is required. The MAC protocol is intended to fix issues with exposed and hidden nodes. The distribution of resources among individual nodes is handled by the MAC layer. A crucial resource is bandwidth. The data rate that a network link or network path can transfer in a given amount of time is known as bandwidth. This paper reflects critical study of Medium Access Control (MAC) in MANETs.

Need and Issue of Privacy Preservation in Mobile Crowd Sensing

Dhirendra Kumar Tripathi, Dr. Jitendra Sheethlani — 2021-12-23

Utilizing the sensors already present in smart phones, "people-centric sensing" may be utilized for low-cost, large-scale sensing of the real environment. The growing paradigm of mobile crowd sensing is made possible by recent breakthroughs in sensing, computation, and networking (MCS). Because of the nature of these systems and the wealth of information that MCS users are required to give, there are legitimate safety, privacy, and reliability issues. Previous works dealt with various facets of the issue. However, a comprehensive approach is required to fully realize the potential of this new sensing paradigm. That is, an MCS system that is trustworthy, protects users' privacy, and allows for the distribution of rewards to those who take part. Here, we introduce mobile crowd sensing and discuss its practical uses. This paper focuses on the problems with MCS privacy and the needs for protecting user privacy in MCS.

Perspectives of English with Special Reference to Global Business Language

Beautiful Islam, Samir Khan — 2021-12-23

A global language is a language spoken internationally, which is learned by many people as a second language. A world language is not only characterized by the number of its speakers but also by its geographical distribution, international organizations and in diplomatic relations.English has the status of a global language in the sense that, it has developed a special role that is recognized in every country, either as an official language or as a language which is given priority in the country’s foreign-language teaching. In this article, perspectives of English with special reference to global business language has been discussed.

Psychological Comparative Analysis on Anxiety, Depression and Stress with Special Reference to Diabetic Patients of Chennai City & Rural Adjacent Area

Mamta Vyas, Sangeeta Jain — 2021-12-23

The main objectives of the research were to psychological comparative analysis on anxiety, depression and stress among diabetic patients of Chennai City & Rural Adjacent Area. The aim of present investigation was to study the effect of Gender, locality and Age on Anxiety, Stress and Depression among Type 2 diabetic patients. For the present research, work researcher has selected 320 diabetic patients (Type-II) age range between 30 to 65 years with the help of purposive random sampling techniques. The present investigation was carried out to examine the effect of some demographic variables like Gender, Locality and Age on the Anxiety. Depression and stress level of diabetic patients. The present study was conducted on the sample of 320 individuals with diabetes type-II, tested to measure the level of anxiety, depression and stress with the help of Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale. For the fulfillment of research objectives certain null hypotheses were framed and tested from the collected and analyzed data by ANOVA. The analysis and interpretation of data is a task which requires patience, hard work as well as logical thinking. As far as the role of Gender, Locality and Age are concerned with the level of anxiety, depression and stress among diabetic patients, it has been noticed that all the three dependent variables i.e., anxiety, depression and stress influenced by independent variable gender and age, whereas second independent variable locality has influence on only anxiety.

Comparative Analysis of Adolescent Children of Chennai City and Adjacent Rural Areas with Special Reference to Psychological Parameters

Mamta Vyas, Sheetal M Singhvi — 2021-12-23

The adolescent children are very self-conscious and overly sensitive about their physical appearance since sometimes the growth is uneven. Social issues are among the most challenging issues that adolescents face. Adolescence is a process rather than a time frame in which people develop the attitudes and beliefs necessary for contributing to society in a meaningful way. In this article, comparative analysis of adolescent children of Chennai city and adjacent rural areas with special reference to psychological parameters has been discussed.

An Efficient Multi-Faceted Cost Model in Cloud Computing

Harsh Lohiya, Pritin Haldar — 2021-12-23

Cloud providers accomplish high accessibility, adaptability, change in accordance with internal deficiencies, use of assets and client hold if there should be an occasion of Multi cloud emerged from single cloud provider. Nowadays, auto-scaling arrangements are still to a great extent responsive and depend on the load estimated on existing servers nearing a limit value or advance information of the requests gave ahead of time of a planned event. The main objective of auto-scaling is to vigorously assign computational resources to requests to coordinate their current burdens. This research provides an efficient multifaceted cost representation for auto scaling of cloud servers.

Adoption of B-2-C Model of E-Commerce to Analyze the Prospects Ecommerce in Rural Context

Asha B. N. — 2021-12-23

As part of new urbanization process, e-commerce has been expanding swiftly in the country's rural areas. The growth and unique features of rural e-commerce were examined in this study. On the other hand, rural areas have significant barriers to entry for e-commerce. Therefore, individuals have realized that rural areas may benefit from engaging in e-commerce. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential, reach, and current state of e-commerce in a rural setting. Studying the potential of e-commerce in rural areas required selecting a sample of 100 e-commerce users using a straightforward sampling approach. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to inform those who would like to engage in e-commerce in rural regions about the numerous obstacles they may face while setting up shop.

A Study of Environmental Awareness among the Secondary School Students

Pranab Pramanik — 2021-12-23

The current research considers the environment, environmental awareness and environmental awareness and attitude to environmental education as dependent factors and regards the nation as independent variables. It considers gender, academic skills, length of experience and the specialized fields. The majorities have a reasonable degree of environmental awareness in both cities and a high level of environmental education attitude; Hamedan teachers have a higher average rating of all three factors compared with the Mysore teacher. In both nations, in each of the three variables there is no difference between male and female professors, science and arts instructors, while there are differences in the environmental, environmental and environmental education teachers with differing academic qualification and duration of teaching. In comparison to the lowest degree of parental awareness, parent attitude and high school student knowledge, environmental experts have achieved the greatest level of all components of AKA. Moreover, variables like as financial class, ethnicity and leisure preferences have led to variations in degrees of environmental AKA across the different groups.

Discussing Features and Development of Islamic Education System during Medieval Period

Prosenjit Chakraborty — 2021-12-23

The researcher wishes to concentrate on the evolution of education in India throughout the mediaeval period in this study. The Muslim education system affected education during the mediaeval period. Various changes were brought about in the educational system throughout this time. People came to understand the importance of education. They even started enrolling in colleges and universities. The educational system was separated into two parts: basic and secondary education. Maktabs provided primary education, while madrasas provided secondary education. In the teaching and learning processes, current and creative approaches and tactics were introduced.

Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on the Mental and Emotional Wellbeing of Caregivers of Children with Special Needs

Mamta Vyas, Vidhika Danwani — 2021-12-23

The basic assumption underlying different models of cognitive therapy is that distorted thinking is the cause root of dysfunctional mood and behaviors. By realistically evaluating one’s thinking through various techniques offered by CBT, one can create a lasting change in one’s dysfunctional moods and behavior. Their profound insight was that entering from our disturbing thoughts can improve mental well-being, and this can be achieved through mindfulness practices. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the cognitive behavioural therapy on the mental and emotional wellbeing of caregivers of children with special needs. After proper research methodology, the results, discussion and conclusion were chronicled.

Critical Review on Mns, Cds and CdMnS

Geeta Khoobchandani, Kanu Sarkar — 2021-12-23

Materials science is the study of the relationships between materials' processing, structure, and properties. Thin film formation differs significantly from bulk material formation. Deposition, a technique in which the surface layer is constantly submerged under a freshly growing surface layer, produces thin films on surfaces. As a result, thin film materials science contains subject matter not covered by bulk materials science. This article highlights about the critical review on MnS, CdS and CdMnS.

Preparation And Characterization of PLLA Spin Coated Films

Geeta Khoobchandani, Rajesh Hoque — 2021-12-23

PLLA is also melt-spinable and has very good fiber- and film-forming properties. Recently, applications involving high- strength fibers and films were reported. But there is no detail of information prevalent in the literature on the role of annealing on the morphological state. The objective of this study was to prepare good quality ultra-thin films and to investigate the effect of annealing on the structural variation in the PLLA film. This article highlights about the preparation and characterization of PLLA spin coated films.

Overview on Semiconductors with Special Reference to Dilute Magnetic II-VI Semiconductors

Geeta Khoobchandani, Rekha R. S. — 2021-12-23

A lot of research work has been focused on transition metals (Fe, Ni, Co, Mn etc.) doped II-VI group semiconductor materials such as ZnO, CdTe, ZnSe, CdS and CdSe due to their multi-functionality in optico magnetic applications. In this article, overview on semiconductors with special reference to dilute magnetic II-VI semiconductors has been highlighted.

An Analytical Study on Humanism in the Works of Rabindranath Tagore with Special Reference to New Humanism

Sujit Kumar Tapaswi, Priti Benarjee — 2021-12-23

Humanism is a philosophy of vigorous optimism. It is profound dynamic since it is always ready to take cognizance of the changing and growing nature of knowledge. Humanism is a philosophy that has influenced the thoughts of all greatmen who have felt the urge to improve the human condition.The new humanism sprang from a profound disaffection with the modern age. Centering its attention on the governing ideas of the contemporary world, it served the triumph of relativism in philosophy and social thought of materialism in daily living and of romanticism and naturalism in literature. In this article, an analytical study on humanism in the works of Rabindranath Tagore with special reference to new humanism has been discussed.

Studies on Perception of Women and Problems in Indian Context

Binindita Dasgupta, Manoj Parmar — 2021-12-23

Empowerment of women is a long-drawn process which requires harmony betweenachieving long term goals and addressing day to day struggles faced by women. In thisprocess of empowerment, various stakeholders such as civil society groups, women'sorganizations, political parties, media and academic institutions have a vital role to play.The perspective from which each of these agencies view the challenge ofwomen empowerment differ. This study attempts to observe different agencies, debates andissues that have played a crucial role in initiating the intervention of state and society ingender construction in India. Since the area is too vast few important illustrative issuesthat have drawn the attention of state and society have been studied. It was thought studyof gender construction process would be incomplete without the understanding these issues.

Historical Perspectives of Greater Calcutta

Manisankar Sarkar, Vandana Varma — 2021-12-23

The meaning of the word "Calcutta" has frequently altered. The Circular Road served as the city's border in an earlier Calcutta that was under the High Court's original purview. Then there was the Corporation's Calcutta, which had more suburban areas (1888). The Corporation areas and the suburban municipalities of Cossipore-Chitpur, Manicktola, Tollygaunge, South Suburban, and Garden Reach, with Howrah on the other side of the river, formed a "Greater" Calcutta in the 1930s. New suburbs were created as some of these suburban communities were absorbed by the metropolis. In this article, historical perspectives of greater Calcutta have been discussed.

Novel Trends in Indian Political Culture with Special Reference to Religious Fundamentalism

Abhijit Maitra, Manoj Parmar — 2021-12-23

Religious fundamentalism promotes going back to a religion's core beliefs as well as the original definitions and interpretations that were given to it at the time of its founding. It does not accept any interpretations; in fact, any attempt to do so is regarded as heresy. Thus, it claims that the separation of religion from state and politics or the concept of a secular state is unthinkable in religious fundamentalism and that people's lives as well as the polity, including rules of governance, should be governed in accordance with the mandates of such religious texts. It supports theocracy and the obliteration of all other faiths. Fundamentalists are therefore fervently religious; their entire worldview is based on religious beliefs, and their enemies are other non-believers. The politics of communalism, on the other hand, are based on religious identification and the manipulation of political power through religion. Communalists band together as a single religious group and display their intolerance towards members of other religious groups.

Edward Albee's Relocation in the American Dramatic Tradition: A Glimpse

Keya Ghatak, Varsha Saraswat — 2021-12-23

Edward Albee is utilizing completely novel dramatic techniques while exploring new spheres of human experience with the audacity of a bold innovator. For Albee, experimentation is not a random act of expressionism, Freudian symbolism, or stream-of-consciousness, but rather a gradual internal modification of the dramatic medium. He has given experimentation that was previously random direction and a goal. In this article, Edward Albee's Relocation in the American Dramatic Tradition has been highlighted.

Determining Human’s Behaviour on the Basis of Subconscious Mind

P. Laxman, Priyanka Dubey — 2021-12-23

Sub consciousness and its phenomena can be seen as a crucial source for deciphering humanity's secrets of power. Even if people think they know what is going on and who they are, "the subconscious mind," the greatest force of all, directs them in a way that is yet to be found. This study's goal is to find out how the subconscious mind affects human behavior. How it influences human speech, decision-making, and thinking, as well as how it affects their daily lives unwittingly. Many people are still unsure what the term "subconscious" means, and they may confuse it with the term "unconscious," which is more commonly used. Human conduct is impacted by various factors, but in this study, the author focused on how the subconscious mind impacts human behavior in several ways.

Identifying the Issues Faced by Consumers while Buying Goods Via Online Mode

Desai Sayli Somnath, Sarita Dingwani — 2021-12-23

Internet use has become increasingly commonplace among professionals, and mobile phone usage has increased dramatically. Digital channels continue to expand in both size and influence, and the rate of change remains high. Online activity and the significance of the websites and apps used by Indians are both expanding steadily each year. Smart marketers are always one step ahead of the curve, adapting their strategy and touch points to better reflect where their target audience actually is. This study makes an effort to learn what kinds of things people buy from online businesses and what kinds of issues they encounter when doing so. All of the information in this research came from firsthand accounts. Primary information was gathered through a series of scheduled interviews. For this survey, we used a simple random sample method.

Assessing the Practices of Weaning Carried by Mothers from Rural Areas

KM Soni Yadav, Manju Upadhyay — 2021-12-23

Under-nutrition, which is associated with maternal education and behaviour, is one of the primary causes of disease and mortality in children across the globe. The goal of this study was to assess mothers' weaning-related knowledge, experience, and viewpoint, since it is a major contributor to neonatal malnutrition. To get to the bottom of things, in-depth interviews were held. While some mothers may be well-versed in and following current recommendations for kitchen hygiene and food safety, others may be woefully uninformed. Pre-packaged snacks, including finger meals, were served by all of the mothers. Because of their high levels of salt, pepper, and sugar, these foods were found to be inappropriate for use as weaning foods. Policymakers and decision-makers in India might do their jobs better if they pushed for the use of motivational interviewing and anticipatory guidance in preventive care provided by paediatricians and paediatric dentists.

Analyzing the Relationship Between Professional Development and Job Satisfaction Among Teachers

Pranathi Y, Aditya Prakash Saxena — 2021-12-23

Teachers are among the most visible and influential members of society. There can be little question that a nation's economic vitality depends on a sufficient supply of qualified educators to drive the goals of the institutions that serve as its backbone. The value of a teacher is incalculable since it affects people from all walks of life. Educators' responsibilities extend beyond the confines of the classroom and the school building. The teacher is held in the highest regard because of the influence she has on the lives of her students and the community at large. Almost 500 Telangana secondary school educators participated in the current survey. Data was gathered using the Professional Development of Teachers Inventory and the Teachers Work Satisfaction Scale. The t-test and the Product Moment Correlation Analysis both showed that male and female educators are different in important ways.

A Study of Significance of Training Activities in Manufacturing Companies

Biju Toms K, Navdep Naseer — 2021-12-23

If India's manufacturing sector can become more competitive on the world arena, it will be a significant engine of economic growth and job creation this decade. Power growth, stable job prospects, and educational opportunities for tens of millions of people all point to India's promising future as a global market participant. Many factors affect how much they can achieve. To begin, these value chains are set up to make the most of India's raw materials, industrial expertise, and entrepreneurial spirit. India is making progress towards Industry 4.0 thanks in part to the National Manufacturing Policy, which has as its long-term goal the increase of manufacturing's share of GDP to 25% by 2025, and the PLI scheme for manufacturing, which was launched in 2022 to bring the country's core manufacturing sector up to global manufacturing standards.

Critical Study on Contribution of Selected Moderates in India

Rima Samanta, Vandana Varma — 2021-12-23

There were two sections of the Congress: the Moderates and the Activists. The former led the assembly from 1885 until 1905. Their main leaders were Dadabhai Navroji, Surendranath Banerjee, W.C. Banerjee, Pherozeshah Mehta, and Madan Mohan Malaviya. They hoped that constitutional activism would result in widespread popular support for their goals. They believed that the British administration might be swayed by arguments and would pay attention to Indian public opinion. In order to form a National Congress committee and promote the Indian viewpoint to the British Parliament, they even sent representatives to England. They didn't wish to overthrow British laws through force. Their main demand was for self-government within the British rule. They faithfully upheld the British Crown. Because they believed that the British presence in India was advantageous for Indians, they relied on the British to govern Indian affairs. Some of them asserted that the removal of societal ills like child marriage, untouchability, and other practices like sati brought India enormous benefits during the British occupation. This paper reflects critical study on contribution of selected moderates in India.

Phytochemical Screening of Ocimum Canum and Platycladus Orientalis Seeds Extract

Niluram Parida, Anil Sharma — 2021-12-23

Phytochemicals, or molecules found in plants that are significant for avoiding disease and promoting health, have been extensively studied in order to ascertain their efficacy and comprehend the underlying mechanism of their action. The therapeutically useful active principles are isolated from the crude drug and purified for use as a single component or a collection of components. So, in this article, phytochemical screening of Ocimum canum and Platycladus orientalis seeds extract has been discussed.

A Study on Progress of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (Pmjdy) In India

Rajib Mukhapadhyay, Rajesh Sharma — 2021-12-23

Financial inclusion has drawn the attention of many academics and politicians throughout the world as a critical issue and as an effective economic development policy instrument. Financial inclusion refers to the availability, accessibility, and low- or no-cost use of financial services for everybody. In low- and middle-income nations, a variety of financial inclusion programmes are used as successful policy tools for economic growth. Financial inclusion programmes have been established in developing nations like China and India. Financial inclusion, according to policymakers in emerging nations, supports economic growth, financial efficiency, financial stability, and social welfare, among other aspects of economic development. On August 15, 2014, the Indian government unveiled the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna (PMJDY) programme to promote financial inclusion and aid greater populations in escaping the cycle of poverty.

Evaluation of Laws with Special Focus to Indian Insurance Business

Mridul Krishna Ghosh, Bharat Pal — 2021-12-23

Insurance serves a societal purpose. It is a social mechanism that enables the unpredictable risks faced by individuals to be combined into a group and so made more certain; small, regular contributions from the individuals create a fund from which those who suffer losses may be paid. It is a method of spreading out prospective financial losses that might be too severe for one person to bear comfortably over a large number of people. In this article, evaluation of laws with special focus to Indian insurance business has been discussed.

Challenges Faced by the Gold Sector in Implementing Gst

Nilayattingal Ancy Antony, Rajesh Sharma — 2021-12-23

Over 7 percent of India's gross domestic product (GDP) and 15 percent of India's total goods exports are made up of the gems and jewellery industry. Tax on Gold in India rose to 3 percent on 1 July 2017 when the Goods and Services Tax (GST) was implemented. Markets were predicted to respond negatively, but instead they responded positively. The focus of the article was on unclassifiable manufacturing because of the wide range of items produced by this sector. Paying 3% GST on Gold has a little effect on jewelers’ operating capital. After accounting for the gold tax, a 1% service tax and a 1% VAT brought the total to 2%. Thanks to GST, gold's tax rate has been reduced to 3%. In addition to bringing more of the gold market into the correct sector, GST will also improve supply chain clarity.

An Investigation on Women Empowerment and Types of Empowerments

Vandana Bhatnagar, Parwaiz Suhaib Ahmed, Gargee Singh — 2021-12-23

Ever since the early civilization came into existence, women have been deprived of their rights to equality in almost every field, including education, the most vital element of overall human development. Gender equality has come to be seen as essential to a country's social and economic progress as well as to its overall health. One of the main components of UNDP's Sustainable Development goals is the promotion of gender equality and women's empowerment. It entails advocating for women's equal rights, opportunities and access to resources so that they may make their own decisions and take charge of their life. Women who are empowered contribute to social advancement, economic prosperity, and sustainable development. They actively participate in leadership roles, education, healthcare, and decision-making processes. A society where women's views are heard, their abilities are appreciated, and their potential is fully fulfilled will be more balanced and diversified as a result of women's empowerment. It is a crucial step towards creating a more just and peaceful society for everyone.

Assessing the Level of Intelligence among Secondary School Students

Chigicherla Muthyalappa, Osmita Hati — 2021-12-23

Intelligence may be defined as the ability to comprehend, think, and reason. The only thing that truly separates humans from other animals is our intelligence. This report offers the results of an extensive investigation on determining students' IQs in high school. The research was conducted using a survey. 800 Students in Grades 9-12 Using a stratified random sampling method, we selected a group of students from the districts of Kurnool and Anantpuramu. Secondary school pupils' IQ was calculated using Raven's Standard Progressive matrices. Mean. The data was analyzed using the standard deviation and t test. Secondary school students' IQ test results were shown to vary significantly by major, gender, language of teaching, and governing body.

Scruitizing the Facilities and Work Appreciation Provided to Female Domestic Workers at Workplace

Lalit Mohan Choudhary, Varughese Pothen — 2021-12-23

The realm of female domestic workers constitutes a vital yet often overlooked segment of the global workforce. As societies strive for greater gender equality and labor rights, it becomes imperative to explore and understand the nuanced working conditions that shape the lives of these essential contributors. This study was conducted to assess working condition of domestic worker at workplace in Sangli region. Primary data was collected with help of face to face interview schedule. This study concluded that domestic workers discriminated at their workplace on the basis of caste. They had no power to bargain for more wages and paid leave in month and no courage to leave the work due to poor financial condition.

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Cyprinus Carpio and Labeo Rohita in Contaminated Water Bodies

Mukesh Dubey, Naisar Ahmad Ganie — 2021-12-23

Supporting a wide variety of aquatic species and delivering critical ecosystem services, freshwater ecosystems are an integral part of Earth's natural environment. Freshwater fishes are among the most ecologically and economically significant species found in these habitats. Heavy metal contamination, however, poses a growing danger to the long-term viability of these ecosystems and the fish populations that call them home. Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) exist naturally but may be harmful to aquatic life when present in high enough amounts. Two freshwater species were used as bioindicators for this research: Cyprinus carpio and Labeo rohita. Four stations' worth of water was obtained for analysis of fish muscle tissue and trace elements. Spectrophotometery was used to estimate total lipids, proteins, amino acids, and glycogen, while an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was utilized to detect metals.

Spleen Somatic Index and Gonado Somatic Index Responses to Seasonal Changes in River Tawi of Garra Gotyla Gotyla

Sahil, Naisar Ahmad Ganie — 2021-12-23

Because of its bioindicator value, understanding how the freshwater fish species Garra gotyla gotyla interacts with the environment is of the utmost importance. For the purposes of this research, fish of the genus Garra were taken from the river Tawi. From November 2020 until October 2021, the research was conducted. Summertime SSI values were lowest (0.146) and wintertime SSI values were greatest (0.335). There is a negative correlation between SSI and GSI (gonado somatic index). The summer months had the highest GSI value (9.35), while the winter months saw the lowest (0.36). Predator-prey dynamics and competitive pressures are two examples of the biotic interactions that impact species' behavior and adaptations.

A Study to Discuss Mental Health Issues and its Preventive Measures: with Special Focus on Young Adults

Kumud Sumant Singh, Ashwini Kumar Raj — 2021-12-23

The mental well-being of young adults has become a growing concern in recent years due to the unique challenges they face during this transitional period of their lives. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence, factors, impacts, and interventions related to depression, anxiety, and stress among young adults in India. Mental health issues in this population have gained significant attention due to the unique challenges faced by young adults in India's diverse sociocultural context. The review emphasizes the need for targeted strategies, including awareness campaigns, accessible mental health services, and supportive environments, to address depression, anxiety, and stress among young adults in India effectively.

Critical Study of William Harrison Ainsworth

Aniket Ratanlal Bose, Babina Bohra — 2021-12-23

William Harrison Ainsworth, an English historical author, was born on February 4, 1805, in King Street in Manchester. The individual had professional training in the field of law; yet, they did not find any appeal in pursuing a career within the legal profession. During his tenure as a law student in London, he had the opportunity to encounter John Ebers, the publisher who was also serving as the manager of the King's Theatre located in Haymarket. Ebers facilitated Ainsworth's integration into literary and theatrical circles, as well as his introduction to his daughter, who afterwards entered into matrimonial union with Ainsworth. Ainsworth briefly experimented with the publishing industry, although swiftly abandoned this pursuit in favor of dedicating himself to the realms of journalism and writing. The first triumph of his literary career manifested in 1834 with the publication of Rookwood, a work that prominently showcases the figure of Dick Turpin. A succession of 39 books followed, with the last instalment being published in 1881. Ainsworth's death occurred in Reigate on the 3rd of January, 1882, and he was interred in Kensal Green Cemetery.

Improving Network Efficiency with Software Defined Network Congestion Management

Rajendra Singh Kushwah, K. Abdul Rasak — 2021-12-23

SDN, or software-defined networking, is a paradigm shift in the networking industry since it allows for programmable and centralized network management. Within this context, it is essential to have efficient congestion control algorithms to guarantee constant network operation, equitable distribution of resources, and the best possible user experience. Mininet simulations were run with four distinct fanouts, with results examined for changes in matrix performance. Therefore, as the number of fanouts rose in the topology, packet loss and throughput decreased. With the help of the LLDP protocol, the proportion of lost packets has been drastically reduced, and the percentage of delivered packets has been increased.

Role of Authentication and Encryption in Safeguarding Digital Medical Images

Rajendra Singh Kushwah, Joseph Deril K. S. — 2021-12-23

The authentication and encryption of digital medical pictures are essential parts of healthcare data security because they protect the images' integrity, validity, and secrecy. Data security is not the only motivating factor for the widespread use of authentication and encryption methods for medical images. HIPAA and the General Data Protection Regulation are two examples of legal and regulatory frameworks that require extensive data protection safeguards, which in turn require healthcare organizations to adopt severe security standards. The development of an AI-based system for autonomous illness prediction from medical pictures is underway, and several techniques are being employed to enhance and create higher-quality images. These pictures are encrypted, and some may also be watermarked for added protection. Since AI models primarily rely on the legitimacy of input data, the growing use of AI and ML in medical picture analysis highlights the significance of data integrity.

Framework and Emerging Trends on Status of Transgender

Arpita Singha, Lalit Mohan Choudhary — 2021-12-23

Sex is a term used to describe a person's biological state. It consists of several components such as "sex" chromosomes, "gonads," "sex hormones," "reproductive structures," and "external genitalia." Gender encompasses both how a person feels about themselves and how they act and interact with others. Gender expression is given more weight in society. Gender identity can be defined as the identification of a person as a male, woman, transgender person, or any other category. It may or may not correspond with the person's sex, but a person has the freedom for choosing their gender, which can modify other aspects of gender, such as clothing, speech patterns, and mannerisms, as well as their body through medical intervention or other methods. People in society are not concerned about the issue because gender identity is very intrinsic, defined by the individual, and impossible for others to understand. Accounts of transgender people (including non-binary and third gender people) have been identified going back to ancient times in cultures worldwide. The modern terms and meanings of "transgender", "gender", "gender identity", and "gender role" only emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. As a result, opinions vary on how to categorize historical accounts of gender-variant people and identities. This paper reflects conceptual framework and historical perspectives of transgender.

Critical Review on Different Parenting Style and Psycho-Social Characteristics among Adolescents

Kalipada Jana, Divya Vijayvargiya — 2021-12-23

A parent's parenting style is characterized as a combination of their attitudes and behaviors towards their children, as well as the emotional environment in which those behaviors are exhibited. Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage during which parents and children must reevaluate their interactions. The phrase "psychosocial traits" refers to how social variables affect a person's behavior and mental health. The relationship between intrapersonal psychological factors and external factors is a component of a psychosocial approach to human behavior. The conventional definition of psychosocial features is the psychological growth of a person in connection to his or her social and cultural surroundings. In this article, critical review on different parenting style and psycho-social characteristics among adolescents has been discussed.

Recasting the Victorian Age with Special Focus to Major Science Fiction Writers

Prajnajyoti Dutta, Anita Kumari — 2021-12-23

The complications and challenges fostered the growth of great literary works. The novel rose rapidly, especially the social novel which captured the social, political and economic upheavals brought about by industrialisation and urbanisation and reflected the changing ideologies of the new educated class. The middle class rose rapidly with prosperous businesses and innovations made possible by new systems of production, aided by improved education, new inventions, discoveries and travel. This class challenged the hegemony of the aristocracy as they seek to gain the power and control that the ruling class had held for so long. There was a desire for the respectability and social position that the aristocracy had by virtue of tradition & birth and they started setting themselves apart in thought and lifestyle to oppugn those long held traditions. Fresh moral values were imposed with focus on individual responsibility, charity, discipline and a strong opposition to social evils. In this article, recasting the Victorian age with special focus to the major science fiction writers has been highlighted.

Gendered Politics in Rural India: Analysing the Political Landscape of Women in Panchayati Raj Institutions in Bhopal

Santu Bhaluk — 2021-12-23

This research paper, titled "Gendered Politics in Rural India: Analysing the Political Landscape of Women in Panchayati Raj Institutions in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh," delves into the complex dynamics of gender and politics within the context of rural governance in Bhopal. Specifically, it explores the participation, challenges, and experiences of women in the Panchayati Raj system, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of their engagement in local politics. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, interviews, and document analysis to gather comprehensive data on the subject. It focuses on Bhopal, a region emblematic of the broader challenges faced by rural women in India, where traditional gender norms have often limited women's political involvement.

The findings of this research reveal several significant insights. Firstly, it highlights the remarkable progress made in recent years, with more women securing positions in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). This reflects a shift towards gender inclusivity in rural governance. However, it also uncovers persistent challenges that female representatives face, including patriarchal attitudes, limited access to resources, and political marginalization. Furthermore, the study identifies the strategies adopted by women to navigate these challenges, including coalition-building, leadership development, and advocacy for gender-sensitive policies. It underscores the crucial role of support networks and capacity-building initiatives in empowering women within the political arena.

The research also examines the impact of women's participation in PRIs on local governance and policy outcomes. It demonstrates that female representatives often prioritize issues such as healthcare, education, and women's rights, leading to positive changes in community development. This underscores the importance of diverse perspectives in shaping effective policies at the grassroots level. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the political landscape for women in the Panchayati Raj system in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. It offers valuable insights into the challenges, strategies, and outcomes of female participation in rural governance, highlighting the need for continued efforts to promote gender equity and inclusivity in India's rural political sphere. The findings contribute to our understanding of the broader dynamics of gender and politics in rural India and offer potential pathways for empowering women in local governance.

Examining Surface Roughness of Sdss 2507 by Using Different Tools

Keshav Chandrakant Arote, Nitin Yashwant Patil, Gaurav D. Sonawane — 2021-12-23

Through the use of experimental analysis and computational modeling, the purpose of this work is to get an understanding of the intricate interactions that occur between tool coatings and the difficult material. The objective is to maximize the life of the tool, improve the efficiency of the machining process, and make a contribution to the development of tools and developments in materials processing. The discoveries have practical consequences for sectors that depend on high-performance cutting tools, and they provide the possibility of advancements in the processing of sophisticated materials that are essential to a variety of engineering applications. Because of its superior mechanical property values and resistance to corrosion, duplex stainless steels, which are also referred to as DSSs, are used for a wide variety of applications in the industrial sector. In addition, DSSs are used for applications that need, in particular, exceptional resistance to corrosion and generally strong mechanical properties. Examples of such applications include the oil-gas exploration industry and the naval industry. Due to the fact that DSSs are regarded to be difficult-to-machine alloys, the acquisition of components that are created from these materials presents a significant challenge.

Innovative Approaches to Improve High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steels

Yogesh Dileep Lande, Nitin Yashwant Patil, Gaurav D. Sonawane — 2021-12-23

Stainless steels are extensively used in chemical, structural, and automotive sectors owing to their exceptional mechanical qualities at room temperature, resilience, resistance to corrosion, and affordability. Nevertheless, the inclination and increase in industrial requirements for components suitable for high temperatures, together with superior mechanical performance and resistance to corrosion, restrict their applicability in several scenarios and confine the criteria for their use. By manipulating the microstructure, altering the chemical properties, modifying the phase composition, and creating a compact three-dimensional network of dislocations, it is possible to customize and enhance the performance of stainless steels for challenging environments, such as high temperatures. Addresses the present emphasis on improving the mechanical characteristics of stainless steels at high temperatures. Despite their corrosion resistance, these alloys encounter challenges in maintaining mechanical integrity at elevated temperatures, affecting critical applications in various industries. The abstract provides an overview of multidimensional approaches, including alloy design, advanced processing, and innovative manufacturing, to tailor the microstructure and improve mechanical behavior at high temperatures. Surface engineering and computational modeling contribute to a comprehensive understanding. The interdisciplinary nature of this research reflects a dynamic landscape with promising advancements that could redefine the application of stainless steels in high-temperature environments.

Solar Water Heating Efficiency Enhancement through Latent Heat Storage: An Experimental Study

Pande Ashish Madhukar Rao, Nitin Yashwant Patil — 2021-12-23

Solar power has the ability to convert the sun's rays into heat instantly, which can be utilised to heat water for homes and businesses. This makes it a prospective sustainable energy source. Solar water heating (SWH) systems can reduce electricity usage by 1500 kWh y-1 when electric heaters are replaced with them. During times of high demand, this can aid in the control of energy use in electricity-intensive industries. Compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) collectors have been in high demand as of late for their simplicity and dearth of complex tracking systems. Since they are able to efficiently gather both direct beam and some diffuse light, these collectors are perfect for medium-temperature applications. An imbalance between energy demand and supply, brought on by solar power's intermittent nature, could be addressed by phase change materials (PCM). Choosing the correct PCM is a very crucial step in achieving the target performance. Researchers searched the whole literature on CPC, TES systems, and stratification studies for the elusive piece of information. The purpose of this research is to design a novel SWH system that combines a CPC collector with the TES system (sensible and latent heat storage) to meet the immediate need for such systems and to evaluate their thermal performance in actual operating conditions.

Systematic Review on Financial Literacy with Special Focus to Working Women

Dilip Kumar, Navdeep Naseer — 2021-12-23

The suppliers provide a wide range of financial services and products to the financial industry through various channels of distribution. Information technology developments, as well as financial engineering's ability to reduce costs and liberalize markets, have led to changes in a number of financial products and services that cater to the specific requirements of the financial industry. The financial market offers sophisticated products, so issues like interest rates, fees, and risk tolerance must be carefully considered. To take advantage of chances in the financial market, one must possess financial literacy. To achieve financial well-being, one must possess the capacity to evaluate the options that are available. In this article, systematic review on financial literacy with special focus to working women has been discussed.

Advancements in Applications and Novel Methods Used for Preparing the Phosphors

Sarita Kumari Satapathy, Sanjay Rathore — 2021-12-23

Phosphors are luminescent materials that emit light when excited by external energy sources. They find widespread applications in various fields, including lighting, displays, sensors, biomedical imaging, and energy conversion. The development of novel methods for preparing phosphors is essential to enhance their performance, improve their properties, and expand their range of applications. Preparation techniques for luminous materials include solid state reaction, wet chemical, precipitation and co-precipitation, combustion, simple chemical route, sol gel method, molten salt synthesis, etc., all of which are being researched to develop more sophisticated and intelligent materials.